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Abstract: 

Bellew and Graham offer what they call a radical approach to the reduction of recidivism in their description of the program offered by the Rainbow Center’s program at Liberty Management Services. The theoretical approach of this program is "reality therapy" disciplined by cognitive-behavioral and social learning theory. This article proposes that the underlying problem that needs to be addressed is one of frustration—the essence of powerlessness and loss of hope—and that a second-order change (“change of change”) paradigm should be implemented in which the intervention—one of empowerment—is in the form of an “illogical” prescriptive internal control that afford the parolee dignity, pride, and self-empowerment and eliminates the frustration that comes with ouside imposed restrictions.

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Affiliations:  1: Liberty Management Services; 2: Liberty Management Services.