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Abstract: 

Since the beginning of time, Indigenous peoples in what is now called Canada have had systems of justice that are based on the values of interconnectedness, accountability, and healing. Within these Indigenous worldviews, the purpose of justice is to restore balance to the community and to reconcile persons who have created harm with their own conscience and with those they may have wronged. This article focuses on Indigenous culture-based, community-controlled practices of justice. The discussion draws on ongoing research within the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, to explore how Indigenous forms of justice are being applied with youth in conflict with the justice system and families involved in the child welfare system.

Keywords: Circles and ceremonies, domestic violence, sexual offending, child welfare, community councils

Affiliations:  1: Ryerson University.