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Abstract: 

Given the complexities of New York’s urban environment and the size of its school system, the city serves as a leader for other states and cities in addressing the challenges of modern school climates. This article discusses discrepancies between the perceptions of aggressive behavior reported by surveyed students and the incidents reported to and tracked by New York City’s accountability indexes. A companion sidebar discusses White House guidance on school discipline and other resources available from the federal government.

Keywords: disruptive students, school discipline, aggression, reporting requirements, bullying, middle school, high school

Affiliations:  1: Editor.