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Abstract: 

A COVID-19 variant known as BA.3.2, or “Cicada,” is spreading rapidly across the United States after circulating internationally since late 2024. Although current evidence does not indicate that BA.3.2 causes more severe disease than recent variants, its extensive genetic differences may help it evade existing immunity and reduce the effectiveness of vaccines designed around JN.1-lineage strains. Pulmonary and critical care physician Kyle B. Enfield explains how viral mutations affect immune recognition, why wastewater surveillance remains important, and what BA.3.2 may mean for people at increased risk of severe disease. He also outlines practical measures for reducing infection and protecting vulnerable community members.

Keywords: COVID-19; BA.3.2 Variant; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccine Effectiveness; Viral Surveillance; Disease Prevention

Affiliations:  1: University of Virginia.